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2.Writing is a technology because it is a tool that we use to organize information. Writing is a means to an end and it is useful, therefore it is a technology.
3. The pencil is definitely a technology, it is a tool that is a means to an end, it makes a task easier and faster like many technologies do. Pencil's also have a lot of work and thought put into them, they aren't as simple people think. Finally pencils are an improvement on other communications tools which themselves are considered technologies, therefore the pencil is a technology.
4.Plato thought that writing would weaken our memories and he didn't trust the authenticity of the written word.
5. A pro of writing is that it is a good way to keep records. Another is that writing can bridge space and time when a direct interaction is not possible. Writing has uniformity which makes it a good bases to judge things by. But cons of writing are that it can't interact, it can be fraud and needs authenticity.
6 Thoreau's family owned a pencil factory. Thoreau used pencils to write and the money he used to go live in the woods came from selling pencils, not royalties on writing. And Thoreau even spent ten years of his life improving the pencil making process.
7.the phone is just like other communications technologies in that it came, few people used it and almost everyone was skeptical about it, it became widespread, it became accepted, and finally it made its own mark on how we communicate. Phones changed the way we talk, formal introductions and farewells became widely used and people had to learn how to talk differently for phone conversations.
8. With new digital technologies it is now easier for fraud to be committed, also new technologies give people more mediums to commit fraud. Fraud makes the computer less trustworthy and therefore unauthentic as a technology right now, but all technologies were un authentic in the beginning. Fraud has taught us not to trust everything that we read and now we have adapted to that and take everything with a grain of salt.
9. What the author is saying is that when a technology first comes out no one likes it and hates what it does. Then when it becomes accepted it changes the way we used to do things and that same hated technology becomes essential and loved.
10. This authors definition of literacy is simple: being able to adapt to and use technologies, and eventually use the new technology to not only improve old processes, but make new ones.